SJ Insights
type: channel
description: Welcome to SJ Insights (Online ISSN: 3078-6207, Print ISSN: 3078-6193), your gateway to interdisciplinary research excellence. Published by SJC Publishers Company Limited, our open-access peer-reviewed journal fosters innovative ideas and advances knowledge across diverse fields. We look forward to your contributions and the impactful insights they will bring to our global community of scholars and researchers. Aim and Scope: Our aim is to facilitate the dissemination of high-quality research that spans across various disciplines, including but not limited to: Social Sciences Natural Sciences Humanities Engineering Health Sciences Business and Economics We welcome original research articles, reviews, and perspectives that contribute significant insights and advancements in these fields. SJ Insights strives to provide a platform for researchers, academics, and practitioners to share their findings, innovations, and ideas, thereby promoting collaboration and interdisciplinary dialogue. History of the journal: SJ Insights was founded by SJC Publishers Company Limited with the vision of establishing a prominent platform for interdisciplinary research. Launched on Tuesday, July 23, 2024, the journal quickly gained recognition for its commitment to open access principles and rigorous peer review. Since its inception, SJ Insights has been dedicated to publishing innovative research across a wide spectrum of disciplines, including Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, Humanities, Engineering, Health Sciences, Business, and Economics. The journal has evolved to become a trusted resource for scholars and researchers seeking to disseminate their findings globally. Over the years, SJ Insights has expanded its editorial board and reviewer base to include experts from diverse fields, ensuring thorough evaluation and high-quality standards. Continuously adapting to the evolving landscape of academic publishing, the journal remains committed to promoting interdisciplinary dialogue and…
publisher: SJC Publishers Company Limited
language: en
publication name: SJ Insights
issn: 3078-6193
items: Examining the relationship between risk management and malaria control outcome in Kamwenge District. A cross-sectional study.
items: Practices towards oral health among caretakers of children below 5 years at Masaka regional referral hospital, Masaka district. Across-sectional study.
items: Assessing health facility-related characteristics influencing the retention of HIV-exposed infants in the EID Care Clinic of Nebbi General Hospital. Descriptive cross-sectional study.
items: Health facility related determinants of health seeking behavior among the youth aged 14-18 years attending kasozi health centre iii, wakiso district-a cross-sectional study.
items: Social factors contributing to peptic ulcer disease among student nurses at Kampala University School of Health Science. A cross-sectional study.
items: Identify the practices regarding effective wound cleaning among nurses aged 22 years and above working at Rakai General Hospital, Rakai District. A cross-sectional study.
items: Practices towards utilization of male condoms among youths in Entebbe regional referral hospital, Wakiso district. A cross-sectional study.
items: http://insights.sjpublisher.org/index.php/in/article/view/60
items: Relationship between policy communication and Health Service Delivery in West Pokot County, Kenya. A cross-sectional study.
items: Unraveling the social security challenges in Uganda's oil-rich Albertine region: A literature review on the critical pathway to sustainable development.
items: Human wildlife conflicts in Uganda: A Case of Queen Elizabeth National Park
items: Continuance commitment and health service delivery. A cross-sectional study in Sironko District Local Government.
items: Community Driven Approaches and People’s Welfare in Uganda at Butemba Sub-County in Kyankwanzi District. A cross-sectional study.
items: Influence of school disciplinary policies on pupil performance in Universal Primary Education (UPE) schools. A cross-sectional study.
items: Relationship between strategic planning and financial performance of telecommunication firms. A cross-sectional case study of Airtel -Uganda.
items: Civil society organisation and peace-building initiatives in Juba County, South Sudan. A cross-sectional study.
items: Relationship between bid preparation audit and service delivery in the education sector of Central Equatoria State, South Sudan. A cross-sectional study.
items: Assessing the relationship between human capacity and performance of selected NGOs in Juba, South Sudan. A cross-sectional study.
items: Prevalence of recent and long-term HIV infections among newly identified HIV positive clients in Kyenjojo District, Western Uganda. A cross-sectional study
items: A Cross-Sectional Study on the Effect of Saltwater Intrusion on Saro Rice Farming in Tovuni Kiungoni, Zanzibar, Tanzania.
items: The Effects of Human Resource Management Practices on the Performance of Decentralization in Kalungu District, Uganda. A cross-sectional study.
items: The role and responsibility of the Kampala capital city authority (KCCA) in supporting the implementation of the second schedule of the education act 2008. A cross-sectional study.
items: Prevalence of malaria and contributing factors in children under five years of age attending Nakasongola General Military Hospital. A cross-sectional study.
items: SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH-SEEKING BEHAVIOR AMONG THE YOUTH AGED 14-18 YEARS ATTENDING KASOZI HEALTH CENTRE III, WAKISO DISTRICT A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
items: CHILD-RELATED FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PNEUMONIA AMONG CHILDREN BELOW FIVE YEARS AT LYANTONDE HOSPITAL, LYANTONDE DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
items: Knowledge and practices of exclusive breastfeeding among postnatal mothers at Lira regional referral hospital, Lira city: A cross-sectional study.
items: http://insights.sjpublisher.org/index.php/in/article/view/23
items: Effects of data storage on efficiency of financial institutions in Uganda- a case study of Pride Microfinance Limited, Kabalagala branch in Kampala.
items: FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DIETARY PATTERNS AND BEHAVIORS AMONG STUDENTS IN LIRA UNIVERSITY. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
items: Records management practices and administration of public institutions in central equatorial state, South Sudan: a cross-sectional study.

Examining the relationship between risk management and malaria control outcome in Kamwenge District. A cross-sectional study.
type: item
description: Background The study aims to examine the relationship between risk management and malaria control outcomes in Kamwenge District. Methodology The study adopted a cross-sectional mixed-methods design. Quantitative data analysis was conducted using SPSS to establish the relationships between variables. The data was entered into SPSS, cleaned for Qualitative data analysis. Results The highest proportion of participants, 62 (29.9%), had 1-5 years of experience. "The Malaria Control Programme has a risk management plan in place," showed that 50 respondents (24.2%) strongly agreed, with a mean score was 3.49. Responses to the statement, "Risk management strategies (e.g., identification of risks, contingency planning) are well implemented," indicate that 45 respondents (21.7%) strongly agreed, with a mean score was 3.42. Responses to the statement, "The major risks affecting the Malaria Control Programme include funding shortages, delayed procurement, and insufficient staffing," reveal that 90 respondents (43.5%) strongly agreed, the mean score was 4.05, Standard deviation was 1.12. Responses to the statement, "Risk management strategies have been effective in addressing these challenges," indicate that 42 respondents (20.3%) strongly agreed, 57 (27.5%) agreed, 50 (24.2%) were neutral, 38 (18.4%) disagreed, and 20 (9.7%) strongly disagreed. The mean score of 3.30 suggests that, while some respondents believe risk management strategies have been effective, a significant portion of respondents are neutral or dissatisfied with their effectiveness. The Pearson correlation coefficient between Risk Management and malaria control outcome is 0.590, representing a moderate positive correlation. Risk management has a moderate positive effect on reducing malaria prevalence (β = 0.280, p = 0.003). Conclusion While the malaria control programme has risk management strategies, their implementation remains inconsistent. Recommendations The study recommended strengthening risk management s…
subject: Section of Business and Economics
  topic: section
subject: Risk management
  topic: keywords
subject: Malaria control outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: Kamwenge District
  topic: keywords
creator: John Okoth Nkwasiibwe
creator: Benard Nuwatuhaire
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 John Okoth Nkwasiibwe, Dr. Benard Nuwatuhaire https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-04-01
publication date: 2026-04-01
starting page: 13
ending page: 13
doi: 10.51168/insights.v3i4.67

Practices towards oral health among caretakers of children below 5 years at Masaka regional referral hospital, Masaka district. Across-sectional study.
type: item
description: Background: The aim of the study is to assess the practices towards oral health among caretakers of children below 5 years at Masaka regional referral hospital, Masaka district. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive research design in nature was used in this study. The group was composed of caretakers of children below 5 years in the Masaka region. A simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents from the source population. Results: Most (42%) respondents had attained secondary level of education, (52%) were Catholics, and (74%) were Baganda by tribe. The majority of the respondents (70%) had not yet taken their children to visit a dentist, whereas the minority (2%) had taken their children to visit a dentist after the eruption of the first milk tooth. Most of the respondents (86%) reported that they took their children to visit a dentist only during problems. Most of the respondents (40%) reported that they commenced cleaning of their children’s teeth after 4-6 milk teeth erupted, while the least (10%) reported they commenced cleaning of their children’s teeth soon after the first milk tooth eruption. Almost half of the respondents (48%) used toothbrushes to clean their children’s teeth. Most of the respondents (60%) brushed their children’s teeth once a day, whereas the least (10%) had no particular time to brush their children’s teeth. Half of the respondents (50%) didn’t have a particular time for changing their children’s toothbrushes, whereas the least (2%) changed their children’s toothbrushes once a month. Conclusion: Participants possessed very bad practices towards oral health in children below 5 years Recommendations: Health workers at Masaka regional referral hospital should sensitise people about the importance of regular dental visits.
subject: Section of Health Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Practices towards oral health
  topic: keywords
subject: Oral health among caretakers of children
  topic: keywords
subject: Masaka Regional Referral Hospital
  topic: keywords
creator: Mariam Katongole
creator: Stephen Oketcho
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mariam Katongole, Stephen Oketcho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-04-01
publication date: 2026-04-01
starting page: 9
ending page: 9
doi: 10.51168/insights.v3i4.66

Assessing health facility-related characteristics influencing the retention of HIV-exposed infants in the EID Care Clinic of Nebbi General Hospital. Descriptive cross-sectional study.
type: item
description: Background: If HIV-exposed infants (HEIs) are not retained, they risk delayed diagnosis of infection, missed initiation of antiretroviral therapy, increased infant morbidity and mortality, and missed opportunities for HIV-free survival. The study aims to assess health facility-related characteristics influencing the retention of HEIs in the EID Care Clinic at Nebbi General Hospital. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among 44 caregivers of HEIs at Nebbi General Hospital using convenience sampling and a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed descriptively with frequencies, percentages, and charts in Microsoft Excel. Results: Nearly 17 (38.6%) of the respondents were aged 20–29 years, while at least 5 (11.3%) were aged 40 years and above. 21(47.7%) of the respondents said the clinic sometimes had HIV test kits and other EID materials, whereas the minority 5(11.4%) mentioned that they were always available. The majority of respondents, 30 (68.2%), reported that there were not enough health workers to attend to mothers and babies without long delays, while a few, 4 (9.1%), believed the staffing was adequate. Half of the mothers 22 (50%) reported waiting 1–2 hours before receiving services, while only 3 (6.8%) waited less than 30 minutes. Regarding how health workers treated mothers, the highest proportion, 18 (40.9%) of respondents described health workers as often harsh or judgmental, while the least, 9 (20.5%), felt health workers were very kind and supportive. Concerning distance to the EID clinic, most respondents, 30 (68.2%), lived 6–10 km away. Meanwhile, minority 6 (13.6%) lived less than 2 km from the clinic. Conclusion: Health facility challenges such as stock-outs of test kits, understaffing, long waiting times, harsh provider attitudes, and long distances further discouraged mothers from returning for scheduled visits. Recommendations Provide continuous health education to mothers on the importance of consistent…
subject: Section of Health Sciences
  topic: section
subject: HIV-exposed infants
  topic: keywords
subject: early infant diagnosis
  topic: keywords
subject: retention in care
  topic: keywords
subject: health facility factors
  topic: keywords
subject: provider attitudes
  topic: keywords
subject: Nebbi General Hospital
  topic: keywords
creator: Judith Peace Acom
creator: Hasifa Nansereko
creator: Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu
creator: Jane Frank Nalubega
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Judith Peace Acom, Hasifa Nansereko, Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu, Jane Frank Nalubega https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-04-01
publication date: 2026-04-01
starting page: 8
ending page: 8
doi: 10.51168/insights.v3i4.65

Health facility related determinants of health seeking behavior among the youth aged 14-18 years attending kasozi health centre iii, wakiso district-a cross-sectional study.
type: item
description: Background: Globally, 311,000 people die in low-income countries due to challenges with health-seeking behaviors, whereas 82% of the youths in Uganda do not seek health services even when they need to. This study, therefore, aims at establishing the health facility-related determinants of health-seeking behavior among the youth aged 14-18 years attending Kasozi Health Centre III, Wakiso District. Methodology: The study employed a cross-sectional study using a quantitative method of data collection. A sample of 30 respondents was selected using a simple random sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire, analyzed, and presented in the form of tables, graphs, and pie charts. Results: Findings show that the highest number (47%) of the participants used vehicles to access the facility, which was about three kilometers from their residential areas. (9.3%) Of the participants reported that the government health facilities in their areas are open 7 days a week, (40%) of the participants took about two hours to receive medical care when they were in the government facility, and (53%) reported that there are a fair attitude and communication between the patients and health care providers. Conclusion: The health facilities were distant from the areas of residence of the youths, therefore making it hard to access health services. Even when at government health facilities, there was a delay in accessing health services. Recommendation: Youths should be encouraged to seek health care at the health facility and given a conducive atmosphere to open up.
subject: Section of Health Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Health facility related determinants
  topic: keywords
subject: Health seeking behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: Youths
  topic: keywords
subject: Kasozi Health Centre III
  topic: keywords
creator: Harriet Nabagereka
creator: Sr. Bernadette Nalubuga
creator: Rev. Sr. Janefrances Namuddu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Harriet Nabagereka, Sr. Bernadette Nalubuga, Rev. Sr. Janefrances Namuddu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-01-24
publication date: 2026-01-24
starting page: 9
ending page: 9
doi: 10.51168/insights.v3i1.64

Social factors contributing to peptic ulcer disease among student nurses at Kampala University School of Health Science. A cross-sectional study.
type: item
description: Background: pylori prevalence is high among adults aged 18–40 years and is associated with cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and poor sanitation. The study aims to investigate social factors contributing to peptic ulcer disease among student nurses at Kampala University School of Health Science. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study design employing quantitative methods of data collection, which involved the use of numerical values to assess the information. The target population was student nurses of Kampala University because they were the most affected by peptic ulcer disease due to the prevailing conditions faced by students. A sample size of 56 respondents was used. Results: At the time of the exercise, the certificate students were not readily available to participate in the interview; 46(82%) of the respondents had both parents alive, while 10(18%) had lost their parents. 41(73%) of the respondents fasted while 15(27%) did not fast. This is supported by the country’s religious strength and the freedom to worship. Above, 8(14%) of the respondents were offered financial support by their parents, while 48(86%) did not receive any financial support from their parents. 13,24(43%) of the respondents had family members diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease, while 32(57%) of the respondents did not have any family member diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease. 29(52%) respondents had family members who smoked cigarettes or took alcohol, and 27(48%) who neither smoked cigarettes nor took alcohol. Conclusions: Social factors also contributed to PUD cases among students, where some students had a family history of PUD cases, religions like Christianity and the Muslim religion, who engage in fasting, and having friends or family members who take alcohol increased the risk of developing PUD among students. Recommendations: The students should be encouraged to always take their meals on time and avoid skipping meals.
subject: Section of Health Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Peptic Ulcer Disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Student Nurses
  topic: keywords
subject: Family History
  topic: keywords
subject: Religious Fasting
  topic: keywords
subject: Alcohol use
  topic: keywords
subject: Tobacco use
  topic: keywords
subject: Kampala University School of Health Science
  topic: keywords
creator: Babra Chekwemoi
creator: Elizabeth Nalwoga
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Babra Chekwemoi, Elizabeth Nalwoga https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-01-24
publication date: 2026-01-24
starting page: 9
ending page: 9
doi: 10.51168/insights.v3i1.63

Identify the practices regarding effective wound cleaning among nurses aged 22 years and above working at Rakai General Hospital, Rakai District. A cross-sectional study.
type: item
description: Background: Globally, nurses aged 25–50 years play a vital role in effective wound cleaning. The purpose of this study was to assess the practices of nurses aged 22 years and above regarding effective wound cleaning at Rakai General Hospital, Rakai District. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design employing a quantitative research method was used to collect data from 32 nurses at Rakai General Hospital who were sampled using a purposive sampling technique within a period of 3 days. Data was collected with a structured questionnaire, coded, and analysed using Microsoft Excel (2019) programs, and findings were presented in frequency tables, graphs, and pie-charts. Results: 16(50%) were between 25–30 years while smallest 2(6.25%) were 43 years and above. 18(56.25%) rarely wrote and reviewed wound notes whereas the minority 6(18.75) always did. 24 (75%) of the respondents used a combination of hand washing, gloves, and saline when cleaning wounds, and only 1 (3.1%) relied on gloves only. 16 (50%) reported using hand washing and sterile tools, and 2 (6.25%) reported using any available tool. 20 (62.5%) used saline, while a minority, 3 (9.4%), reported using sterile water. Half of the respondents, 16 (50%), admitted that they sometimes changed dressings late, while a few, 4 (12.5%), indicated that they rarely changed wound dressings. Conclusion: Most nurses followed essential infection-prevention steps, but delays in dressing changes, poor documentation, and limited mentorship affected the overall quality of wound management. Recommendations: Schools should integrate more hands-on wound-cleaning demonstrations and simulation sessions to ensure nurses graduate with strong practical skills.
subject: Section of Social Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Practices of nurses
  topic: keywords
subject: Effective wound cleaning
  topic: keywords
subject: hands-on wound-cleaning demonstrations
  topic: keywords
subject: Rakai general hospital
  topic: keywords
creator: Esther Namawejje
creator: Hasifa Nansereko
creator: Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu
creator: Jane Frank Nalubega
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Esther Namawejje, Hasifa Nansereko, Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu, Jane Frank Nalubega https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-04-01
publication date: 2026-04-01
starting page: 6
ending page: 6
doi: 10.51168/insights.v3i4.62

Practices towards utilization of male condoms among youths in Entebbe regional referral hospital, Wakiso district. A cross-sectional study.
type: item
description: Background Youths are more likely to use condoms with casual or new partners than with steady or long-term partners. The aim of the study is to assess the practices towards the utilization of male condoms among youths in Entebbe regional referral hospital, Wakiso district. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study using quantitative methods was conducted among 40 youths selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using structured and semi-structured questionnaires, checked for completeness, coded, and entered into Microsoft Excel (2022) for analysis, and findings were presented using frequencies, percentages, and graphical summaries. Results The majority, 23 (57.5%), had tertiary education, while the least 6 (15%) had primary education. The majority, 24 (60%) of the respondents stated that they never used condoms during sexual intercourse, and 5 (12.5%) mentioned that they always used condoms. The majority, 26 (65%), were limited from using condoms because partners avoided them to signify trust, 14 (35%) cited established relationships. The majority, 23 (57.5%), had received condom use education, and 17 (42.5%) had not. The majority, 36 (90%), disposed of condoms in the toilet, and 4 (10%) used rubbish pits. The majority, 15 (37.5%), used condoms twice, while the least, 4 (10%), never used condoms during sexual activity. Conclusion The majority (60%) reported not using condoms during sexual intercourse, confirming poor behavioral uptake despite awareness of benefits. This study, therefore, concludes that knowledge alone is insufficient to influence consistent condom use unless supported by positive attitudes, partner cooperation, and correct practical skills. Recommendation Youths should seek accurate information on correct condom use and storage from health workers and verified sources.
subject: Section of Social Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Practices
  topic: keywords
subject: Utilization of male condoms
  topic: keywords
subject: Youths in Entebbe regional referral hospital
  topic: keywords
subject: Wakiso district
  topic: keywords
creator: Innocent Tabu
creator: George Masete
creator: Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu
creator: Hasifa Nansereko
creator: Jane Frank Nalubega
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Innocent Tabu, George Masete, Immaculate Prosperia Naggulu, Hasifa Nansereko, Jane Frank Nalubega https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-04-01
publication date: 2026-04-01
starting page: 8
ending page: 8
doi: 10.51168/insights.v3i4.61

http://insights.sjpublisher.org/index.php/in/article/view/60
type: item
title: Assessing the attitude and practices towards home management of diarrhea among children under five years at Dr. Ronald Batta Memorial Hospital, Entebbe Municipality, Wakiso district. A cross-sectional study.
description: Background Diarrhea, especially among the under-fives, is a matter of public health importance globally, given the annual morbidity and mortality it causes to this vulnerable age group. The study assessed the attitude and practices towards home management of diarrhea among children under five years at Dr. Ronald Batta Memorial Hospital, Entebbe Municipality, Wakiso district. Methodology A cross-sectional descriptive study involving 30 respondents who were caregivers of children under five years presented at the health facility for medical attention was recruited. A simple random sampling procedure was used to select the respondents, and a researcher-administered questionnaire was used for collecting data. Collected data was sorted, coded, entered into Epidata, and then exported to SPSS for analysis. The analysed data were presented in figures and tables reflecting frequencies and percentages. Results Among 30 caregivers, majority were female 21(70%), aged 20–30 years 17(57%), married 20(67%), and had secondary education 20(67%). Half 15(50%) were casual workers, followed by 10(33%) self-employed and 5(17%) teachers. Regarding attitudes, 18(60%) did not consider diarrhea infectious, 19(63%) believed some foods prevent it (mostly rice water 12[63%]), and 16(53%) did not think giving fluids was important. Only 12(40%) considered ORS effective. Handwashing, continued breastfeeding, and increased water intake were recognized by 57%, 53%, and 20%, respectively. In practice, 21(70%) did not use homemade fluids, 18(60%) used breast milk or rice water, 16(53%) gave sweetened drinks, 19(63%) provided fluids/food, 22(73%) avoided reheated leftovers, and 18(60%) did not continue breastfeeding. Conclusion The majority of caregivers had a negative attitude and poor practices towards home management of diarrhea among children under five years. Recommendation The hospital should promote exclusive breastfeeding, ORS use, early medical care, hygiene, nutrition, and immunization among…
subject: Section of Social Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Attitude and Practices
  topic: keywords
subject: Home Management of Diarrhea
  topic: keywords
subject: Children under Five Years
  topic: keywords
subject: Wakiso District
  topic: keywords
creator: Stephen Ogasi
creator: Patience Ddumba
creator: Jane Frances Namuddu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Stephen Ogasi, Patience Ddumba, Jane Frances Namuddu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-01-20
publication date: 2026-01-20
starting page: 10
ending page: 10
doi: 10.51168/insights.v3i1.60

Relationship between policy communication and Health Service Delivery in West Pokot County, Kenya. A cross-sectional study.
type: item
description: Background The study aims to examine the relationship between policy communication and Health Service Delivery in West Pokot County, Kenya. Methodology This study employed a descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional survey design. A mixed-methods approach was utilised. Data collected was edited, coded, and later analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 computer programme. Results The majority of respondents were female, accounting for 56.0%. Policy communication was found to have a moderate positive correlation with health service delivery (r = 0.315, p = 0.004). This indicates that clear, timely, and effective Policy communication had a moderate, yet statistically significant, influence on health service delivery (β = 0.145, p = 0.029). Policy communication in West Pokot County is generally limited and ineffective, as indicated by the overall mean score of 2.43 (SD = 1.10). A majority of respondents disagreed that government policies are clearly communicated to local communities (Mean = 2.39, SD = 1.12). Community members reportedly lack adequate understanding of the objectives of newly introduced policies (Mean = 2.42, SD = 1.10). Local leaders do not effectively explain policy changes to the public (Mean = 2.44, SD = 1.14). Policy communication materials are rarely available in local languages (Mean = 2.38, SD = 1.08), further constraining accessibility, especially among residents with low literacy levels. The use of media channels such as radio, posters, and social media was also perceived as ineffective (Mean = 2.51, SD = 1.12). Conclusions Policy communication showed a moderate positive correlation with health service delivery. Clear, timely, and effective dissemination of policy information facilitates awareness, compliance, and community engagement. Recommendations The County Government should develop multi-channel communication strategies targeting both health workers and the community, utilizing radio, community me…
subject: Section of Humanities
  topic: section
subject: Policy communication
  topic: keywords
subject: Health Service Delivery
  topic: keywords
subject: West Pokot County
  topic: keywords
subject: Policy information
  topic: keywords
subject: Kenya
  topic: keywords
creator: Dinah Limang’ura
creator: Dr. Doreen Akunda
creator: Dr. Muhamad Ssendagi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Dinah Limang’ura, edmand Bakashaba, Dr. Muhamad Ssendagi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-30
publication date: 2025-10-30
starting page: 13
ending page: 13
doi: 10.51168/insights.v2i10.52

Unraveling the social security challenges in Uganda's oil-rich Albertine region: A literature review on the critical pathway to sustainable development.
type: item
description: This research evaluates energy-related social security threats in Uganda's Albertine region, focusing on the complex implications of the expanding oil and gas sector. The research explores critical thematic areas, including social protection mechanisms, legal frameworks governing energy development, gender equality and social inclusion, environmental sustainability, and poverty alleviation strategies. Key focus areas include assessing existing social security practices, evaluating legal protections for vulnerable communities, analyzing gender representation in energy development, examining the potential for economic empowerment, and investigating environmental governance frameworks. The study addresses the potential "resource curse" by investigating how energy resources can be managed to support inclusive and sustainable development. It aims to understand the challenges faced by marginalized communities, particularly rural women and indigenous populations, in accessing economic opportunities and social services. Significant contributions include providing an intersectional approach to energy development, offering evidence-based recommendations for policy improvement, exploring strategies to ensure equitable distribution of energy-driven economic benefits, and examining the balance between economic growth and social justice. Despite potential challenges such as data bias and time constraints, the research seeks to contribute to academic and policy discussions on sustainable energy development in Sub-Saharan Africa, with a specific focus on Uganda's Albertine region.
subject: Section of Humanities
  topic: section
subject: Energy social security
  topic: keywords
subject: social inclusion
  topic: keywords
subject: oil and gas
  topic: keywords
subject: energy policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Uganda
  topic: keywords
creator: Gerald Turaymureeba
creator: Francis Adyanga Akena
creator: Johnson Ocan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Gerald Turaymureeba, Prof. Akena Francis Adyanga, Johnson Ocan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2026-01-10
publication date: 2026-01-10
starting page: 13
ending page: 13
doi: 10.51168/insights.v3i1.51

Human wildlife conflicts in Uganda: A Case of Queen Elizabeth National Park
type: item
description: Introduction The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of HWC in the Ishasha region, Southwestern Uganda. This study was guided by specific objectives, namely, identifying the root causes of HWC, assessing the effects of HWC, and determining the measures to mitigate HWC in the Ishasha region. Methodology The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design utilizing quantitative data collection and analysis methods. Using simple random and purposive sampling techniques, 109 respondents were selected to participate in the study. This study used questionnaires and interviews with key informants to collect data. Results The main causes of human-wildlife conflict were found to be the need to meet hunters' personal needs (36.7%), illegally harvested charcoal for commercial production (20.2%), perceived injustice (18.3%), commercial hunting and bushmeat trade (15.6%). And droughts, bushfires, and climate change, 9.2% each. Human-wildlife conflict accounts for 32% of reported human and wildlife deaths and injuries, 28% of agricultural devastation, 24% of poverty, and 16% of human deaths. The study findings revealed that the measures used to mitigate human-animal conflict in the Ishasha region were the use of indigenous knowledge (48.6% of respondents), non-electric fences (33%) and police patrols (18.3% of respondents). The majority of respondents cited human and wildlife death and injury as impacts of human-wildlife conflict in the Ishasha region. Therefore, the local communities use non-electric fences to reduce the impact of animals intruding on people's crops in the area. Conclusion Indigenous knowledge is the most effective measure to mitigate HWC in the Ishasha region, highlighting the importance of using traditional practices and community-based solutions. Recommendation It is important for the various institutions to assess the effectiveness of existing policies and identify opportunities for policy reform to address the root causes of the confli…
subject: Section of Humanities
  topic: section
subject: Human-wildlife conflict
  topic: keywords
subject: Biodiversity conservation
  topic: keywords
subject: Illegal wildlife hunting
  topic: keywords
subject: Illegal charcoal burning
  topic: keywords
subject: Death of wildlife.
  topic: keywords
creator: John Bosco Nuwe
creator: Winfred Sila
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 John Bosco Nuwe, Winfred Sila https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-30
publication date: 2025-10-30
starting page: 9
ending page: 9
doi: 10.51168/insights.v2i10.50

Continuance commitment and health service delivery. A cross-sectional study in Sironko District Local Government.
type: item
description: Background: Continuance commitment is defined as the extent to which employees remain with an organization due to the perceived costs of leaving, including loss of income, benefits, job security, and professional standing. This study aims to examine the relationship between Continuance commitment and health service delivery in Sironko District Local Government. Methodology: A descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional survey design, utilizing a mixed-methods research approach. The choice of this multi-dimensional design was informed by the study's need to both describe and analyze relationships among variables in a real-world workplace setting. The study population comprised 250 individuals who were directly or indirectly involved in health service delivery. Results: employees of Sironko District Local Government exhibit low to moderate levels of continuance commitment, with an overall mean score of 3.23 and a standard deviation of 1.07 on a 5-point Likert scale. The statement “It would be very hard for me to leave Sironko District Local Government now” recorded the highest mean of 3.45 (SD = 1.06), suggesting that some employees find it difficult to leave due to accumulated experience and professional investment in the organization. However, the relatively lower means for items such as “I remain in this job mainly because I cannot afford to leave” (Mean = 2.99, SD = 1.12) and “I feel I have too few options to consider leaving this local government” (Mean = 3.05, SD = 1.13) indicate that most employees do not feel “trapped” or constrained by external job limitations. Conclusion: Continuance commitment supports workforce stability and continuity of services in Sironko District Local Government. Recommendation: Provide continuous professional development, training, and clear promotion pathways to enhance employees’ emotional investment and sense of purpose.
subject: Section of Humanities
  topic: section
subject: Affective commitment
  topic: keywords
subject: Health service delivery
  topic: keywords
subject: Sironko District
  topic: keywords
subject: Local Government
  topic: keywords
creator: Johnson Kanene
creator: Evelyn Hope Kyokunda
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Johnson Kanene, Evelyn Hope Kyokunda https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-30
publication date: 2025-10-30
starting page: 14
ending page: 14
doi: 10.51168/insights.v2i10.49

Community Driven Approaches and People’s Welfare in Uganda at Butemba Sub-County in Kyankwanzi District. A cross-sectional study.
type: item
description: Background. People's welfare has been a topic of concern for governments, policymakers, and social scientists for centuries. This study establishes the relationship between community-driven approaches to development and people’s welfare in Butemba Sub-County, Kyankwanzi District. Methodology. A cross-sectional study design and case study approach were used. A sample size of 124 was selected using Slovin’s Formula, and both simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques were employed. Data was gathered through questionnaires, interviews, and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) to capture both quantitative and qualitative information. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software to identify themes and patterns, while ethical considerations were observed to protect participants' rights and confidentiality. Results. Respondents aged 30-39 years form the largest group, representing 33.0%. 56.9% of the participants were male. The Participatory Development Approach (PDA) showed a weak, statistically insignificant correlation (0.128). In contrast, the Problem-Solving Approach (PSA) demonstrated a moderate, statistically significant correlation (0.329), indicating a stronger link between its implementation and improved welfare outcomes. The Welfare Approach (WA) also exhibited a weak, insignificant correlation (0.133), suggesting limited impact on welfare despite positive community perceptions. Conclusion. Problem-Solving Approach (PSA) demonstrated a moderate, statistically significant correlation with improved welfare outcomes; both the Participatory Development Approach (PDA) and the Welfare Approach (WA) showed weak, statistically insignificant correlations. Recommendations. Structured feedback systems, tailored support for marginalized groups, and robust monitoring for welfare initiatives are advised to ensure inclusivity, empowerment, and sustained impact across the community.
subject: Section of Humanities
  topic: section
subject: Community Driven Approaches
  topic: keywords
subject: People's Welfare
  topic: keywords
subject: Butemba Sub-County
  topic: keywords
subject: Kyankwanzi District
  topic: keywords
creator: Christine Nabukenya
creator: Sendagi Mohammed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Christine Nabukenya, Dr. Ssendagi Muhammad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-30
publication date: 2025-10-30
starting page: 20
ending page: 20
doi: 10.51168/insights.v2i10.48

Influence of school disciplinary policies on pupil performance in Universal Primary Education (UPE) schools. A cross-sectional study.
type: item
description: Background Primary schools in Wakiso District have a number of policies in place. The study examined how school disciplinary policies influence pupil performance in Universal Primary Education (UPE) schools. Methodology The study employed a descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional survey design, integrating both quantitative and qualitative methods. A total of 169 respondents were purposively and stratified sampled from a population of 300, including head teachers, teachers, and Primary Seven pupils. Data were collected using questionnaires, interviews, and documentary review checklists. Results 80 (53.3%) of the respondents were male, while 70 (46.7%) were female. The statement “The school has clear disciplinary policies known to pupils” had a mean of 2.40, implying that in most schools, pupils were either unaware of or not clearly informed about the disciplinary guidelines. The existence of rules for maintaining punctuality (M = 2.47) and classroom behavior (M = 2.58) was reported as weak, suggesting inconsistency in enforcing attendance and behavioral standards. Regarding respect for teachers and peers, the mean of 2.67 showed that while some level of regulation exists, it is not strongly upheld. Rules governing the use of school property (M = 2.59) and dress code (M = 2.59) were also rated low, pointing to inadequate supervision or enforcement mechanisms. Only a few pupils agreed that they could consistently answer questions during lessons (M = 2.10, SD = 0.98) or perform well in end-of-term examinations (M = 2.10, SD = 0.98). The standardized coefficient (β = 0.30, p < 0.01) indicates that disciplinary policies have a positive and statistically significant effect on academic performance. This suggests that Conclusions This indicates that schools with well-defined, consistently enforced, and non-punitive disciplinary measures tend to have pupils who perform better academically. Recommendations Schools should establish well-documented disciplinary policies…
subject: Section of Humanities
  topic: section
subject: School disciplinary policies
  topic: keywords
subject: Pupil performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Universal Primary Education schools
  topic: keywords
creator: Betty Nalugwa
creator: Muhammad Ssendagi
creator: Edmand Bakashaba
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Betty Nalugwa, Dr. Muhammad Ssendagi, Edmand Bakashaba https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-30
publication date: 2025-10-30
starting page: 13
ending page: 13
doi: 10.51168/insights.v2i10.47

Relationship between strategic planning and financial performance of telecommunication firms. A cross-sectional case study of Airtel -Uganda.
type: item
description: Background Strategic planning is a fundamental component influencing the financial performance of telecommunication firms. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between strategic planning and financial performance. Methodology A descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study in which Data were collected using structured questionnaires for departmental staff, semi-structured interviews with senior executives, and a documentary review of financial reports and operational records. Results Results indicate that 58.6% were male, while 41.4% were female. The results revealed a strong positive correlation between strategic planning and financial performance (r = 0.783, p < 0.01). Respondents strongly agree that supply chain strategic planning is aligned with overall corporate objectives (Mean = 4.60, SD = 0.58). The statements regarding management participation (Mean = 4.50, SD = 0.65) and conducting regular environmental scans (Mean = 4.50, SD = 0.65) received slightly lower scores. The items “Strategic planning helps in identifying and mitigating supply chain risks” (Mean = 4.58, SD = 0.59) and “Strategic planning enhances competitive advantage” (Mean = 4.58, SD = 0.59) received high scores. The statements related to communication of goals (Mean = 4.55, SD = 0.60), interdepartmental collaboration (Mean = 4.57, SD = 0.60), and effective implementation (Mean = 4.55, SD = 0.60) show that respondents perceive strategic planning as a cohesive and coordinated effort. Long-term decision making based on data and forecasting (Mean = 4.54, SD = 0.62) and the use of digital tools (Mean = 4.54, SD = 0.62) indicate that firms are moderately leveraging technology and analytics to inform strategic decisions. Conclusion Strengthening planning processes through robust market analysis, demand forecasting, and capacity management can significantly improve profitability and operational efficiency. Recommendations Airtel Uganda should institutionalize a structured s…
subject: Section of Humanities
  topic: section
subject: Strategic planning
  topic: keywords
subject: Financial performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Airtel- Uganda
  topic: keywords
subject: Telecommunication firms
  topic: keywords
creator: Josephine Dillis Ayo
creator: Muhamad Ssendagi
creator: Edmand Bakashaba
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Josephine Dillis Ayo, Muhamad Ssendagi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-30
publication date: 2025-10-30
starting page: 17
ending page: 17
doi: 10.51168/insights.v2i10.46

Civil society organisation and peace-building initiatives in Juba County, South Sudan. A cross-sectional study.
type: item
description: Background The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between Civil Society organisations and peace-building initiatives in Juba city, South Sudan. Methodology This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design and targeted 18 registered civil society organisations in Juba that deal with peacebuilding. The completed questionnaires were edited for completeness and consistency, checked for errors and omissions, and then coded. Results The majority of the respondents (69.6%) were male. There was a high relationship between the capacity building and peace-building, as the coefficient of determination, r, was (r = 0.606. The R-squared shows that capacity building used in the study accounted for 60.6% of the variance in peace-building. There is a strong positive relationship (r = 0.621, p< 0.05) between emphasis on participation and inclusion, and it was strongly reflected in peace-building initiatives. The R-square shows that advocacy and lobbying used in the study accounted for 46.9% of the variance in peace-building initiatives. (61.1%) indicated that government policies influence CSOs on peace-building to a very high extent. Conclusion Participation and inclusion are very crucial in the success of CSOs in peace-building, heightening conflict when wrong information is passed on. Advocacy and inclusion of government supports and Donors help CSOs to carry out their role since funding was a very essential for the effectiveness of the organizations. CSOs staff are trained, refreshed, and upgraded, among others, on evolving and new concepts of managing peace-building with the newly acquired capacity building. CSOs are hand-tied by government policies, making it hard for them to function smoothly. Recommendations The media and civil society should team up to disseminate peace messages to conflict-affected communities and also ensure that they are not used for malice by any parties to avoid intensifying conflict.
subject: Section of Humanities
  topic: section
subject: Civil society organization
  topic: keywords
subject: Peacebuilding initiatives
  topic: keywords
subject: Juba County
  topic: keywords
subject: South Sudan
  topic: keywords
creator: Emmanuel Giita
creator: George Dr. Dang
creator: kateregga salongo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Emmanuel Giita, Dr. Dang George, kateregga salongo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-30
publication date: 2025-10-30
starting page: 14
ending page: 14
doi: 10.51168/insights.v2i10.42

Relationship between bid preparation audit and service delivery in the education sector of Central Equatoria State, South Sudan. A cross-sectional study.
type: item
description: Background: Bid preparation, audit, and service delivery in the education sector are closely linked through ensuring transparency, accountability, and efficiency in procurement processes. This study aims to determine the relationship between bid preparation audit and service delivery in the education sector of Central Equatoria State, South Sudan. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional design. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 103 from a population of 140 employees. Data was collected using questionnaires, interviews, and documentary review. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the various demographic variables. Correlation and Linear regression analysis techniques were used to determine the relationship between bid preparation and service delivery. Results: This study included 103 respondents, 3(3.5%) of the respondents who had a diploma as their highest level of education, 19(18.6) had a degree, 69(67.4) had a postgraduate degree, and 11(10.5) had other qualifications. 2 (2.9%) who had worked for 1-4 years, the respondents had adequate experience with procurement audit and service delivery in the entity, since about 98% had worked for more than 5 years with the central Equatoria state. Most of the respondents agreed that there was a significant correlation, r=0.339, p = 0.000. Linear regression analysis showed that 11.1% of the variability in service delivery (R² = .111) was explained by the bid preparatory process audit. Conclusion: The bid preparation process audit significantly affects service delivery, especially when the audit recommendations cover procurement planning, bid management, bid opening, and bid document implementation by management. Recommendation: The accounting officer should conduct a market price survey to guide the development of the procurement budget.
subject: Section of Humanities
  topic: section
subject: Bid Preparation Audit
  topic: keywords
subject: Service Delivery
  topic: keywords
subject: Central Equatoria State
  topic: keywords
subject: South Sudan
  topic: keywords
creator: David Garang Gongich
creator: Fred Kisule
creator: kateregga salongo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 David Garang Gongich, Fred Kisule, kateregga salongo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-30
publication date: 2025-10-30
starting page: 9
ending page: 9
doi: 10.51168/insights.v2i10.41

Assessing the relationship between human capacity and performance of selected NGOs in Juba, South Sudan. A cross-sectional study.
type: item
description: Background Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) and performance of NGOs in South Sudan allow for project activities to be measured and analysed. The study aims to assess the relationship between human capacity and the performance of selected NGOs in Juba, South Sudan. Methodology The study used a quantitative method approach within an exploratory, cross-sectional design. A stratified random sampling method was used to select participants, and data were collected through questionnaires distributed using the “drop and pick later” technique. The questionnaires’ reliability was tested with Cronbach’s alpha, and data were analysed quantitatively using SPSS. Results 79 respondents participated in the study, 72% (n=57) male and 28% (n=22) female. Human resource capacity, the result-based performance aspects, Human resource capacity (β2 =0.680; p-value = 0.001). The organization has skilled personnel with adequate capacity to analyse. The organization has skilled personnel with adequate capacity to analyze data, 23% of the respondents agreed, and 22% strongly agreed (mean =188.3, P≤0.001). On the issue of whether the monitoring and evaluation officers are knowledgeable in the day-to-day management of monitoring and evaluation systems, the respondents agreed at 70% while the others disagreed at 13%. 23% of the respondents agreed, and 22% strongly agreed (mean =188.3, P≤0.001). On the issue of whether the monitoring and evaluation officers are knowledgeable in the day-to-day management of monitoring and evaluation systems, the respondents agreed at 70% while the others disagreed at 13%. Conclusion Human resource capacity had the highest association and significance with the successful performance of NGOs in South Sudan. Recommendation Greater focus on results and the use of performance information for learning purposes should be prioritized in order to fully take advantage of the potential of results-oriented M&E to increase the effectiveness of Human resources.
subject: Section of Humanities
  topic: section
subject: Human Capacity
  topic: keywords
subject: Performance of Selected NGOs
  topic: keywords
subject: Juba
  topic: keywords
subject: South Sudan
  topic: keywords
creator: Nwaokolo Chidi Ugochukwu
creator: Mr. Richard Semanda.
creator: kateregga salongo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Nwaokolo Chidi Ugochukwu, Mr. Richard Semanda., kateregga salongo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-30
publication date: 2025-10-30
starting page: 12
ending page: 12
doi: 10.51168/insights.v2i10.40

Prevalence of recent and long-term HIV infections among newly identified HIV positive clients in Kyenjojo District, Western Uganda. A cross-sectional study
type: item
description: Background The reduction in new HIV infections has been partly attributed to improved coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART), early initiation of treatment, adherence, and retention in care. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of recent and long-term HIV infections among newly identified HIV positive clients in Kyenjojo District, Western Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional study employing a quantitative approach. The collected data were analyzed using STATA. Data was presented in the form of text, tables, and graphs. Logistic regression was used to test for association, while an odds ratio was used as the measure of the association between the two variables, and data was presented in terms of text, tables, and pie-charts. Results A total of 211 respondents participated in the study; the majority of the respondents were aged 35 years and above (42.7%), with a mean age of 33.38 years (SD = 9.4). 127(60.2%) were female, married (52.6%), and had attained primary education as their highest level of education (61.6%). A significant portion were peasants by occupation (68.7%), Christians (91.5%), and resided in rural areas (84.4%). In terms of income, most respondents earned less than 100,000 Ugandan shillings per month (76.3%), and 194 (91.9%) were found to have long-term HIV infections, while 17 (8.1%) had recent HIV infections Conclusion The majority of the clients assessed (91.9%) were living with long-term HIV infections, while a small proportion (8.1%) had acquired the infection recently. Recommendation The Ministry of Health, in collaboration with health facility administrators, should implement a comprehensive, multi-sectoral strategy to address recent HIV infections by targeting high-risk populations.
subject: Section of Health Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Prevalence
  topic: keywords
subject: Recent and Long-Term HIV Infections
  topic: keywords
subject: Newly identified HIV positive clients
  topic: keywords
subject: Kyenjojo District
  topic: keywords
subject: Western Uganda
  topic: keywords
creator: Mary Mugabekazi
creator: Francis Kazibwe
creator: Bright Laban Waswa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Mary Mugabekazi, Assoc. Prof. Francis Kazibwe , Bright Laban Waswa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 7
ending page: 7
doi: 10.51168/insights.v2i10.34

A Cross-Sectional Study on the Effect of Saltwater Intrusion on Saro Rice Farming in Tovuni Kiungoni, Zanzibar, Tanzania.
type: item
description: Background. Saltwater intrusion poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity in coastal regions, particularly in Tovuni Kiungoni, Zanzibar, where Saro Rice Farming is a vital economic activity. This study investigated the effects of increasing salinity on rice cultivation, focusing on changes in soil salinity, crop yield, and farmer adaptations. Methodology. Through field surveys, soil sampling, and interviews with local farmers, the research identifies key contributors to escalating salinity in irrigation water, including rising sea levels and unsustainable water management practices. Results 34% of the respondents were aged 60 years and above, and Females dominated the study at 62%. The findings reveal that elevated levels of sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl⁻) ions exceed thresholds for optimal rice production, causing osmotic stress, reduced germination, stunted plant growth, and lower yields. Additionally, soil sodicity degrades soil structure, reduces infiltration, and exacerbates these challenges. Farmers have adopted strategies such as salt-tolerant rice varieties, improved irrigation techniques, and leaching practices, but their effectiveness is hindered by limited resources and knowledge. Conclusion. Elevated levels of sodium and chloride in irrigation water not only reduce the osmotic potential, making it difficult for crops to absorb water but also lead to soil degradation through sodicity. These effects ultimately compromise crop yields and agricultural sustainability in the region. Recommendation. There is an urgent need for integrated water resource management, sustainable agricultural practices, research on resilient crop varieties, and enhanced support systems to bolster farmer resilience. Collaborative efforts among stakeholders are essential to safeguard Saro Rice Farming, ensure food security, and address the growing impacts of climate change and environmental degradation in the region.
subject: Section of Natural Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Saltwater intrusion
  topic: keywords
subject: Saro rice farming
  topic: keywords
subject: Soil salinity
  topic: keywords
subject: Tovuni Kiungoni
  topic: keywords
subject: Zanzibar agriculture
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdi Mzee Kitwana
creator: Eric Niringiyimana
creator: Henry Stanley Mbowa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eric Niringiyimana, Abdi Mzee Kitwana, Henry Stanley Mbowa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 25
ending page: 25
doi: 10.51168/insights.v2i10.32

The Effects of Human Resource Management Practices on the Performance of Decentralization in Kalungu District, Uganda. A cross-sectional study.
type: item
description: Background. There is no significant work in decentralization in the context of human resource management, and the reason is that top management has never realized the needs and demands of their employees. This study examined the effects of human resource management practices on decentralization performance in Kalungu District, Uganda. Methodology. The study used a correlational research study design, using both qualitative and quantitative approaches to the population of employees in Kalungu district decentralization. The study used both purposive and simple random sampling techniques, where 121 respondents were selected out of 201 employees. Results. (57.9%) of the respondents were male, (65.3%) of the respondents were married. There is a positive significant relationship between recruitment practices and Decentralization performance (0.444(**) and its significance level 0.000), there is a positive significant relationship between motivation and the Decentralization performance in Kalungu District (0.171(**) and its significance level 0.009) and there is a positive relationship between employee training and Decentralization performance in Kalungu District (0.366 and its significance level 0.000.). Conclusion. In the absence of proper recruitment practices, incompetent staff will be recruited and negatively affect the decentralization performance; training and development of employees are essential aspects for the realization of better employee performance in decentralization. Although wages are still important for staff motivation, nonmonetary incentives such as recognition need to be given consideration. Recommendation. The district management, with the district service commission, needs to put in place a rigorous selection criterion that will help to select and recruit qualified employees who will help to improve district performance. The district management and political leadership also need to recognize the achievements and contributions of employees to motivat…
subject: Section of Social Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Human Resource Management
  topic: keywords
subject: Decentralization Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Sector
  topic: keywords
subject: Local Government
  topic: keywords
subject: Service Delivery
  topic: keywords
subject: Kalungu District
  topic: keywords
creator: Abudu Bbaale
creator: Eric Niringiyimana
creator: Nathan Wakhungu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eric Niringiyimana, Abudu Bbaale, Nathan Wakhungu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 17
ending page: 17
doi: 10.51168/insights.v2i10.31

The role and responsibility of the Kampala capital city authority (KCCA) in supporting the implementation of the second schedule of the education act 2008. A cross-sectional study.
type: item
description: Background Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) is responsible for managing and supporting education services in Kampala, in line with the Second Schedule of the Education Act 2008. The study explored the effectiveness of the second schedule of the Education Act 2008 in the management of government grant-aided schools in Kampala Capital City Authority. The study aimed to examine the Role and responsibility of the Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA) Directorate of Education in the Implementation of the Second Schedule of the Education Act 2008. Methodology The study employed a cross-sectional survey, and a sample size of 120 respondents was used from a target population of respondents. Data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics with the aid of SPSS. Results 120 respondents participated in this study, 64 (53%) of the respondents were male, and 57(47%) were female. The majority of respondents hold a Bachelor's degree (50%), followed by those with a Diploma (25%) and a Master's degree (21%). The study indicated that respondents generally agreed that the KCCA Directorate of Education provides adequate support for implementing education policies, with a mean score of 3.65 and a standard deviation of 1.15. Also, the roles of KCCA in education policy implementation (coefficient = 1.178, p = 0.024), and policy support (coefficient = 0.876, p = 0.041). Conclusion The study concludes that KCCA plays a significant role in the effective implementation of the Education Act 2008. Both KCCA’s involvement and policy support for education have a positive and statistically significant impact on policy execution. Recommendation The study recommends that KCCA enhance its coordination and execution of education policies through improved communication with stakeholders, increased resource allocation, and robust monitoring and evaluation systems.
subject: Section of Humanities
  topic: section
subject: Role and Responsibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Kampala Capital City Authority (KCCA)
  topic: keywords
subject: Implementation
  topic: keywords
subject: Education Act 2008
  topic: keywords
creator: Eric Niringiyimana
creator: Penninah Binomugisha
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Eric Niringiyimana, Dr. Penninah Binomugisha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 11
ending page: 11
doi: 10.51168/insights.v2i10.30

Prevalence of malaria and contributing factors in children under five years of age attending Nakasongola General Military Hospital. A cross-sectional study.
type: item
description: Background. Children under 5 years old are the group most vulnerable to malaria infection because of less developed immune systems. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of malaria and contributing factors in children under five (5) years of age who attend the OPD in Nakasongola General Military Hospital. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was used employing a quantitative approach to data collection. The caregivers of children below five years of age who were sent to the laboratory for malaria testing were requested to participate in the study, and those willing were enrolled until the required sample size was reached. Data on socioeconomic factors and coverage of ITN use were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27 software, and results were presented in tables and graphs. Results. 66 (53.2%) of these children were males, 30 (24.2%) were between 12 and 23 months of age, and the overall prevalence of malaria was 44.4%. Among the malaria-positive children, 60.0% were males and between 36 and 47 months of age (25.5%). Malaria infection was associated with low caregivers’ age (38.2%) among caregivers 15 – 19 years old, rural residence (70.9%), primary level education (56.4%), and peasant farming (30.9%). Children who slept under ITNs were more likely to be protected from malaria infection (98.3%). Conclusion. Malaria infection is highly prevalent in children aged between 36 and 47 months. Socioeconomic factors, such as the age and education level of the household head, use of mosquito bed nets for sleeping, place of residence, and age of the children, were significant factors associated with malaria prevalence among children under 5 years of age. Recommendations. National studies should be conducted to identify the different geographical regions of the country that are most at risk of malaria, using updated malaria risk maps.
subject: Section of Health Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Prevalence of malaria
  topic: keywords
subject: contributing factors
  topic: keywords
subject: children under five
  topic: keywords
subject: under-five morbidity
  topic: keywords
subject: pediatric malaria
  topic: keywords
subject: malaria risk factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Nakasongola General Military Hospital
  topic: keywords
creator: Stephen Asiimwe
creator: Lydia Anywar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Stephen Asiimwe, Lydia Anywar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-01
publication date: 2025-10-01
starting page: 13
ending page: 13
doi: 10.51168/insights.v2i10.29

SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH-SEEKING BEHAVIOR AMONG THE YOUTH AGED 14-18 YEARS ATTENDING KASOZI HEALTH CENTRE III, WAKISO DISTRICT A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
type: item
description: Background Globally, 311,000 people die in lower-income countries due to challenges with health-seeking behavior whereas 82% of the youths in Uganda do not seek health services even when they need to (Musoke et al., 2014). Statistics from Kasozi Health Center III show that many youths exhibit poor health-seeking behavior, which poses a risk for the youths hence living hazardous behaviors. This study therefore aims to identify the socio-economic determinants of health-seeking behavior among the youth aged 14-18 years attending Kasozi Health Centre III, Wakiso District. Methodology The study employed a descriptive and cross-sectional study using a quantitative method of data collection. A sample of 30 respondents was selected using a simple random sampling method. Data was collected using a questionnaire, analyzed, and presented in the form of tables, graphs, and pie charts. Results Results from the study revealed that the majority (60%) of the participants were females with (73%) being aged 16-18 years. The highest number (67%) of the participants were unemployed with (87%) of them earning between 100,000/= - 500,000/= per month which made it hard for them to access private facilities (60%) received medical services from the government and (53%) financial support from family members. Conclusion The highest number of the participants were unemployed earning between 100,000/= - 500,000/= per month with 6-10 family members. They received medical services from the government as well as financial support from family members. Recommendation Youths should often be encouraged to seek health care at the health facility and they should be given a conducive atmosphere to open up.
subject: Section of Health Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Socio-economic determinants
  topic: keywords
subject: Health-seeking behavior
  topic: keywords
subject: Youths
  topic: keywords
subject: Kasozi Health Centre III
  topic: keywords
creator: Harriet Nabagereka
creator: Bernadette Nalubuga
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Harriet Nabagereka , Sr. Nalubuga Bernadette https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-05-05
publication date: 2025-05-05
starting page: 7
ending page: 7
doi: 10.51168/insights.v2i4.27

CHILD-RELATED FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PNEUMONIA AMONG CHILDREN BELOW FIVE YEARS AT LYANTONDE HOSPITAL, LYANTONDE DISTRICT. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
type: item
description: Background Pneumonia continues to be a major cause of illness and death among children under five, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Child-specific factors like age, nutritional status, immunization coverage, and pre-existing health conditions play a critical role in the development and severity of pneumonia. This study aimed to identify the Child-related factors associated with pneumonia among children below five years at Lyantonde Hospital, Lyantonde District. Methodology The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive design employing quantitative methods of data collection which involved a self-administered questionnaire to collect data from a sample of 30 mothers who were sampled using a simple random sampling method. Data was collected from respondents after seeking consent from them analyzed and entered manually into the computer using Microsoft Excel Office programs 2016 which presented it in the form of tables, graphics, and pie-charts. Results 14(46.7%) of the respondents mentioned that their children were between 1 and 2 years whereas the least 3(10%) mentioned that their children were between 3 and 5 years. more than a half 17(56.7%) of the respondents mentioned their children were females whereas only 13(43.3%) mentioned that their children were males. 25(83.3%) of the respondents said that they do not feed their children on nutritious foods whereas the minority 5(16.7%) of the respondents said that they do feed them on nutritious foods. 27(90%) of respondents mentioned that their children were delivered at 9 months. Conclusion Addressing child-specific risk factors through improved nutrition, immunization coverage, and early diagnosis of comorbidities is vital in reducing pneumonia-related morbidity and mortality in children under five years. Recommendation Health workers should provide health education to mothers and caregivers on the importance of immunization, exclusive breastfeeding, and proper nutrition for children to prevent pneumo…
subject: Section of Health Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Child-related factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Respiratory Disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Nutrition and Immunization coverage
  topic: keywords
subject: Lyantonde Hospital
  topic: keywords
creator: Gerald Mutebi
creator: Teddy Nassanga Ssemambo
creator: Jane Frances Namuddu
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Gerald Mutebi, Teddy Nassanga Ssemambo, Jane Frances Namuddu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-01-13
publication date: 2025-01-13
starting page: 11
ending page: 11
doi: 10.51168/insights.v2i1.25

Knowledge and practices of exclusive breastfeeding among postnatal mothers at Lira regional referral hospital, Lira city: A cross-sectional study.
type: item
description: Background In sub-Saharan Africa, just 38% of babies are exclusively breastfed; in East Africa, 33%; while in Uganda, the percentage is even lower at 42%. Studies have revealed that the key drivers that hinder exclusive breastfeeding include a lack of adequate knowledge and education about breastfeeding benefits, cultural beliefs, and practices that discourage exclusive breastfeeding. Therefore, this study in Northern Uganda is still investigating the level of knowledge and practices of exclusive breastfeeding among postnatal mothers at Lira Regional Referral Hospital. Methods The study conducted was a hospital-based cross-sectional study among 272 postnatal mothers. Data was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 25. Univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted, with the significance level set at a p-value of less than 0.05. Results A total of 272 postnatal mothers were involved in the study. Of these, 186 (68.4%) had good knowledge, and 204 (75%) had good practices. 171 (62.9%) were between 18 to 25 years old, 104 (38.2%) were housewives, 120 (44.1%) had primary Education, 240 (88.2%) were married, and 129 (47.4%) had 1 child. Factors that were found significantly associated with knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding at a P-value<0.05 included; age (p<0.001), occupation (p<0.001), Education level (p<0.001), marital status (p=0.048), number of children (p=0.005) and place of residence (p=0.017). Religion (p=0.003) and overall knowledge (p<0.001) were significantly associated with practices of Exclusive breastfeeding. Conclusion This study found that awareness about EBF was high, with about 1 in 4 having low levels of knowledge regarding EBF. These findings highlight the importance of continued education and support to further improve knowledge and practices related to exclusive breastfeeding. Recommendation There should be development of educational programs that go beyond knowledge transmission, incorporating skill buildi…
subject: Section of Health Sciences
  topic: section
subject: knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: practices
  topic: keywords
subject: exclusive breastfeeding
  topic: keywords
subject: Lira Regional Referral Hospital
  topic: keywords
subject: Lira City
  topic: keywords
creator: Necton Kibira Masereka
creator: Raymond Tumwesigye
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Necton Kibira Masereka, Raymond Tumwesigye https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-10-17
publication date: 2025-10-17
starting page: 14
ending page: 14
doi: 10.51168/insights.v2i10.24

http://insights.sjpublisher.org/index.php/in/article/view/23
type: item
title: PREVALENCE OF THE DIFFERENT MICROBIOLOGICAL LABORATORY ERRORS THAT OCCUR IN PROCESSING BLOOD AND PUS SPECIMENS WITH ESBL POSITIVE E. COLI AT MAKERERE UNIVERSITY CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
description: Background Errors that occur in the diagnostic cycle of the microbiology laboratory cause a delay in the timely and accurate reporting of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-positiveE. Coli isolated from bloodstream and wound infections. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the Prevalence of The Different Microbiological Laboratory Errors That Occur in Processing Blood and Pus Specimens with ESBL-positive E. Coli. Methodology This study was a cross-sectional retrospective analysis of lab records for ESBL-positive E. coli isolated from blood and pus samples received between the periods of January 2019 to March 2021, A purposive sampling technique was used to select only records for which ESBL-positive E.coli. Results For Bloodstream infections: Out of these 91 request forms; the majority 61(67.03%) had no errors while 30 (32.97%) had errors. These included a missing date, time of reception, and initials of the recipient (60%), sex, age, and patient location (3.33%) missing patient contacts (10%), patient history, and source from which the sample was collected (6.67%). In 16.67% of the request forms physician’s details were not indicated and in 13.33% antibiotics previously used were not indicated. For wound infections; Out of these 85 request forms; the majority 61 (71.76%) had no errors while the minority 24(28.24%) had errors. Some of the errors included missing date, time of reception of samples (33.33%), initials of recipient (33.33%), long collection date (4.167%), patient age (8.33%), patient location, no patient contacts (4.167%), no physician’s details (8.333%) and no antibiotics previously used were not indicated (37.50%). Conclusion More errors were noted in the lab request forms for bloodstream infections (32.97%) as compared to the lab request forms for wound infections (28.24%). Recommendation The lab should work hand in hand with the ward to ensure lab request forms are properly filled out to curb the increasing errors in the lab diagnostic cycle.
subject: Section of Health Sciences
  topic: section
subject: E. Coli
  topic: keywords
subject: Makerere University
  topic: keywords
subject: wound infections
  topic: keywords
subject: bloodstream infections
  topic: keywords
subject: microbiological analytical errors
  topic: keywords
subject: beta-lactamase enzymes
  topic: keywords
creator: Moureen Juan
creator: Margaret Lubwama
creator: Emma Kevin Nyanganda
creator: Ayeebale Rabeeha Nyakake
creator: Juliet Acen
creator: Derick Modi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Maureen Juan, Dr. Margaret Lubwama, Emma Kevin Nyanganda, Ayeebale Rabeeha Nyakake, Juliet Acen, Derick Modi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-01-13
publication date: 2025-01-13
starting page: 10
ending page: 10
doi: 10.51168/insights.v1i1.23

Effects of data storage on efficiency of financial institutions in Uganda- a case study of Pride Microfinance Limited, Kabalagala branch in Kampala.
type: item
description: Background: This study aimed at determining the effects of data storage on the efficiency of financial institutions in Uganda- a case study of Pride Microfinance Limited, Kabalagala branch in Kampala. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design for quantitative and qualitative analysis was used on 46 respondents who returned the questionnaires. Data was collected by use of self-administered questionnaires and interview guides. Quantitative data was analyzed at the univariate level based on the mean and frequencies, percentages, and bivariate level using the correlation coefficient with the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences 7.0 (SPSS). Qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis, by composing explanations and substantiating them using the respondents' open responses. Results: Findings show that the accounting information system provides information on financial performance measuring ratios, providing useful information about the performance of debt in the capital structure that the general manager must try to influence to prove and manage the overall organizational performance. The researcher further found out that AIS provides information about assets in an organization, which helps to do investment planning within Pride Microfinance Limited. The study also recognized that accounting information system enables users to make informed judgments. Since every decision involves several alternatives. It assists the user in deciding their course of action. Accounting is a process that, with the help of accounting records, produces financial statements. It also helps management in their important duties of planning, organizing, leading, supervising, controlling, ‹Intl decision-making. Conclusion: The researcher concluded that AIS affects the overall financial performance of Pride Microfinance Limited at Kabalagala, where it highly influences decisions made, the nature of communication, and efficiency in performance at the financial institution. Recommen…
subject: Section of Business and Economics
  topic: section
subject: Accounting
  topic: keywords
subject: Information System
  topic: keywords
subject: Financial Performance
  topic: keywords
creator: Sharon Gloria Wandera
creator: Derick Modi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Sharon Gloria Wandera , Derick Modi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-04-28
publication date: 2025-04-28
starting page: 9
ending page: 9
doi: 10.51168/insights.v2i4.22

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DIETARY PATTERNS AND BEHAVIORS AMONG STUDENTS IN LIRA UNIVERSITY. A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY.
type: item
description: Background Having poor dietary patterns and behaviors exposes one to a great risk of acquiring some diseases and having some micronutrient deficiencies. University students are the most affected persons. The study aimed to find out the various factors that affect dietary patterns among students of Lira University. Methodology The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional survey to collect data from 200 students using structured questionnaires. Data was collected and analyzed to discern the relationship among the research variables. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to describe the data in univariate analysis and different proportions for categorical data were generated and presented in frequency tables. Results A total of 200 respondents participated in the study. Most of the participants 146(73.4%) were between the ages of 20-25 while 43(21.6%) were between the ages of 26-30. The majority of the respondents 178(89.0%) were not employed, 90(45.0%) respondents had an average financial situation, and most of the respondents 70(35.0%) were sometimes influenced by financial constraints regarding their dietary behaviors. About the availability of foods in the market, 113(56.5%) respondents found the foods to consume available to them in the markets. In terms of ease of finding food options, half of 100(50.0%) respondents found it somehow easy to find food options around 31(65.5%) skipped meals due to financial constraints. Respondents whose stress affected their eating pattern were more likely to have poor eating behaviors, cOR,2.584,95%CI,0.297-3.149, P=0.019, than respondents whose stress didn’t affect their eating pattern. Conclusion The study financial constraints, limited food accessibility, and stress with poor dietary behaviors among Lira University students. Recommendation Establishment of food healthy team educators to offer guidance and health education on healthy feeding behaviors to the university students.
subject: Section of Health Sciences
  topic: section
subject: Dietary patterns and behaviors
  topic: keywords
subject: micronutrients
  topic: keywords
subject: dietary behaviors
  topic: keywords
creator: Akullu Immaculate Agang
creator: Amito Freda Oceng
creator: Derick Modi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Akullu Immaculate Agang, Ms. Amito Freda Oceng, Derick Modi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-01-13
publication date: 2025-01-13
starting page: 14
ending page: 14
doi: 10.51168/insights.v2i1.21

Records management practices and administration of public institutions in central equatorial state, South Sudan: a cross-sectional study.
type: item
description: Background It is unmistakable that the pace of business activities within organizations in contemporary society is increasing daily due to evolving technology. The study aims to assess the records management practices and administration of public institutions in Central Equatorial State, South Sudan. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional design in Central Equatorial State, Juba, South Sudan. A sample of 50 participants from Central Equatorial was used in the study. The sample was selected through a non-probability sampling technique that aimed at selecting participants from the records management department and records management champions within the organization. Results 4.17% of the respondents have 3 years and below working experience, and 37.5% of the champions have spearheaded the management of records in their departments for 3 to 6 years. 10.42% of the respondents were from the records management department. A correlation coefficient calculation reveals a 0.95, which implies a positive correlation between the variables. 81.25% agreed that indeed they experience challenges. 5 respondents indicated that they do not experience it. Conclusion Records management is an imperative element in any organization. It is through records management that the everyday activities of any organization can be accounted for. Recommendations Organizations should ascertain that the top management has the required skills, such as effective records management, and that they should act as role models for their followers
subject: Section of Business and Economics
  topic: section
subject: Records management practices
  topic: keywords
subject: Administration of public institutions
  topic: keywords
subject: Central Equatorial State
  topic: keywords
subject: South Sudan
  topic: keywords
creator: Samuel Daniel Yanjo
creator: Ali Ssalongo Kateregga Ali
creator: Mohammed Ssendagi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Samuel Daniel Yanjo, Prof. Ali Ssalongo Kateregga Ali, Mohammed Ssendagi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
date: 2025-04-27
publication date: 2025-04-27
starting page: 11
ending page: 11
doi: 10.51168/insights.v2i4.20